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by Yossi Matias, Suleyman Cenk S Ahinalp, Neal E. Young
http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/people/academic/Cenk.Sahinalp/Papers/priority.queues.ps
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Abstract:

We report on implementation and a modest experimental evaluation of a recently introduced priority-queue data structure. The new data structure is designed to take advantage of fast operations on machine words and, as appropriate, reduced key-universe size and/or tolerance of approximate answers to queries. In addition to standard priority-queue operations, the data structure also supports successor and predecessor queries. Our results suggest that the data structure is practical and can be faster than traditional priority queues when holding a large number of keys, and that tolerance for approximate answers can lead to significant increases in speed.

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1 system manual, version 3.2.3 – LEDA