I thank my advisor, Melvin W. Siegel, for providing me not only with an interesting research topic, but also the resources and guidance I needed to bring it to a satisfactory conclusion in a timely manner. Mel has helped make the last three years both pleasant and rewarding for me. I have learned many things, including the proper use of the word "determine " and the difference between latitude and longitude. Many interesting conversations with Victor S. Grinberg also helped to sharpen our thinking about this topic. I would also like to thank Alan Guisewite for his invaluable assistance with CMU's computing environment. His patience regarding my constant questions and problems has been commendable. I am grateful to my committee, consisting of Physics Department faculty members Steve Garoff, Brad Keister, and Jim Russ, and Computer Science faculty member Paul Heckbert, for their comments and support. I am also indebted to the Carnegie Mellon University Physics Department for providing me with a teaching assistantship and summer job for five years, without which this thesis would not be possible. The early stages of this work, before I became involved, were supported by General
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